{"id":10931,"date":"2021-09-13T10:17:54","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T10:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ginefiv.com\/sin-categorizar\/insuffisance-ovarienne-precoce-infertilite\/"},"modified":"2025-01-25T14:33:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-25T14:33:36","slug":"insuffisance-ovarienne-precoce-infertilite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ginefiv.com\/fr\/blog\/insuffisance-ovarienne-precoce-infertilite\/","title":{"rendered":"Insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce et infertilit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce ?<\/h2> <p class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">L\u2019insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce (FOP \u2013 Premature Ovarian Failure) \u00e9galement d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e m\u00e9nopause pr\u00e9coce est d\u00e9finie par l\u2019arr\u00eat pathologique de l\u2019activit\u00e9 ovarienne de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e (avant 40 ans), avec pour cons\u00e9quence une am\u00e9norrh\u00e9e, une perte de fertilit\u00e9 et la diminution de la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion des \u0153strog\u00e8nes. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9puisement de la r\u00e9serve ovarienne et au fait que l\u2019ovulation n\u2019ayant pas lieu, l\u2019ovaire ne produit plus d\u2019\u0153strog\u00e8nes ni de progest\u00e9rones, et par cons\u00e9quent la menstruation dispara\u00eet.<\/p> <p><!--more--><\/p> <p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ginefiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/esterilidad.jpg\" alt=\"sterilite\"><\/p> <p>Cette pathologie est pratiquement toujours pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e de ce qu\u2019on appelle \u00ab l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne occulte \u00bb qui consiste en une insuffisance ovarienne avant 40 ans sans syndrome climat\u00e9rique ni am\u00e9norrh\u00e9e, et qui ne peut \u00eatre diagnostiqu\u00e9e qu\u2019\u00e0 travers une \u00e9valuation dans du s\u00e9rum des hormones impliqu\u00e9es dans le cycle menstruel.<\/p> <h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Quelle en est la cause ?<\/h2> <p>\u00a0<br \/>Au moment de sa naissance, la femme poss\u00e8de un certain nombre d\u2019ovules, lors de chaque cycle menstruel environ 30 ovules vont entamer un processus de maturation m\u00eame si, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, seuls quelques uns vont aller au bout de ce processus se d\u00e9tachant dans les trompes de Fallope durant l\u2019ovulation, les autres ovules ayant entam\u00e9 ce processus ne parviendront pas \u00e0 ovuler et seront perdus au cours d\u2019un processus appel\u00e9 atr\u00e9sie folliculaire.<\/p> <p>Certaines femmes subissent un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019atr\u00e9sie folliculaire tr\u00e8s acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e ce qui r\u00e9duit leur vie reproductive. Certains facteurs, d\u00e9taill\u00e9s ci-dessous, expliquent cette acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du processus d\u2019atr\u00e9sie folliculaire :<\/p> <ul> <li>Cons\u00e9quences post-op\u00e9ratoires apr\u00e8s ablation partielle ou totale des ovaires.<\/li> <li>En cas de d\u00e9r\u00e8glements chromosomiques \/ g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/li> <ul> <li>Syndrome de Turner<\/li> <li>Syndrome de Swyer<\/li> <li>Syndrome d\u2019insensibilit\u00e9 aux androg\u00e8nes<\/li> <li>Syndrome du X fragile<\/li> <li>H\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire : Le risque de d\u00e9velopper un FOP augmente lorsqu\u2019il existe des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents familiaux directs.<\/li> <\/ul> <li>Certaines maladies auto-immunes peuvent \u00eatre aussi associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce. Le syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9fense (auto-immunit\u00e9) ne reconna\u00eet plus l\u2019ovaire et cr\u00e9e des anticorps pour lutter contre ce dernier ce qui entra\u00eene une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration ou la destruction de la r\u00e9serve d\u2019ovules.<\/li> <ul> <li>Dysfonctionnement de la thyro\u00efde<\/li> <li>D\u00e9faut ou insuffisance polyglandulaire de Type I et II<\/li> <li>Hypoparathyro\u00efdisme<\/li> <li>Arthrite rhumato\u00efde<\/li> <li>Purpura thrombop\u00e9nique idiopathique (ITP)<\/li> <li>Diab\u00e8tes<\/li> <li>An\u00e9mie pernicieuse<\/li> <li>Insuffisance surr\u00e9nale<\/li> <li>Vitiligo<\/li> <li>Lupus \u00e9ryth\u00e9mateux syst\u00e9mique \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 LES ou lupus<\/li> <\/ul> <li>Certains agents toxiques : tabac, pesticides, dissolvants, etc.<\/li> <li>Les traitements de radioth\u00e9rapie et \/ ou de chimioth\u00e9rapie, que ce soit \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un cancer ou d\u2019autres maladies b\u00e9nignes, peuvent entra\u00eener la destruction de la r\u00e9serve d\u2019ovules existants. En fonction de l\u2019\u00e2ge et des doses administr\u00e9es, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne pourra \u00eatre ou non r\u00e9versible.<\/li> <li>D\u00e9fauts enzymatiques \/ m\u00e9taboliques<\/li> <ul> <li>Galactos\u00e9mie<\/li> <li>Thalass\u00e9mie majeure trait\u00e9e avec des transfusions sanguines multiples<\/li> <li>H\u00e9mochromatose<\/li> <\/ul> <li>Infection virale<\/li> <\/ul> <h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Est-elle fr\u00e9quente ?<\/h2> <p class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Elle touche 1 femme sur 100 de moins de 40 ans et 1 femme sur 1000 de moins de 30 ans.<\/p> <h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Quels sont ses sympt\u00f4mes ?<\/h2> <p class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Les sympt\u00f4mes ne diff\u00e8rent pas beaucoup de ceux que peut pr\u00e9senter une femme de plus de 40 ans qui n\u2019a plus ses r\u00e8gles, sympt\u00f4mes dus essentiellement \u00e0 l\u2019absence d\u2019\u0153strog\u00e8nes.<\/p> <p>L\u2019absence de r\u00e8gles (am\u00e9norrh\u00e9e) est ce qui attire le plus l\u2019attention chez une femme encore jeune et constitue le principal motif de consultation bien qu\u2019il existe d\u2019autres sympt\u00f4mes associ\u00e9s aux faibles taux d\u2019\u0153strog\u00e8nes comme les bouff\u00e9es de chaleur, les d\u00e9r\u00e8glements du sommeil ou \/ et \u00e9motionnels, la diminution du d\u00e9sir sexuel et la s\u00e9cheresse vaginale qui peut provoquer des relations sexuelles douloureuses.<\/p> <h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Comment se diagnostique-t-elle ?<\/h2> <p class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Le diagnostic repose sur :<\/p> <ul> <li>Un dossier clinique d\u00e9taill\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 \u00e0 partir d\u2019un interrogatoire sur les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents familiaux en mati\u00e8re de FOP.<\/li> <li>Une exploration physique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et gyn\u00e9cologique.<\/li> <li>Une analyse de sang mesurant les taux d\u2019\u0153stradiol (la plus importante des hormones produites par l\u2019ovaire), qui auront diminu\u00e9, et les taux de l\u2019hormone folliculostimulante (FSH, produite par la glande hypophysaire situ\u00e9e dans le cerveau), qui auront quant \u00e0 eux augment\u00e9 en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction du taux d\u2019\u0153stradiol ovarien. Les \u00e9valuations seront r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es \u00e0 plusieurs reprises afin de confirmer le diagnostic.<\/li> <li>Lorsque l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne est spontan\u00e9e (sans motif apparent), on recommandera une nouvelle analyse de sang afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier les chromosomes (caryotype).<\/li> <\/ul> <h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Quelles sont les cons\u00e9quences d\u2019une insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce sur la fertilit\u00e9 ?<\/h2> <p class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">En raison de l\u2019absence d\u2019ovulation et de la r\u00e9duction des taux d\u2019\u0153strog\u00e8nes, le risque de st\u00e9rilit\u00e9 est accru. Dans ce cas, les traitements de stimulation de l\u2019ovulation son inefficaces, cependant, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que dans certains cas, le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement n\u2019est que provisoire et que l\u2019ovaire peut pr\u00e9senter un certain degr\u00e9 d\u2019activit\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on intermittente, 5 \u00e0 10% des femmes r\u00e9ussissent \u00e0 tomber enceinte spontan\u00e9ment m\u00eame si, malheureusement, il n\u2019existe aucun moyen de savoir si la grossesse s\u2019enclenchera ni de savoir si les traitements de stimulation de l\u2019ovulation seront efficaces.<\/p> <p>Pour parvenir \u00e0 obtenir une gestation, la technique de reproduction assist\u00e9e passerait dans ce cas par un don d\u2019ovules.<\/p> <h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Quelles sont les autres cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce ?<\/h2> <ul> <li><strong>Ost\u00e9oporose :<\/strong> les os deviennent plus fragiles et le risque de fractures augmente.<\/li> <li><strong>Maladie cardiovasculaire :<\/strong> De faibles taux d\u2019\u0153strog\u00e8nes chez un sujet encore jeune peuvent contribuer \u00e0 augmenter les risques d\u2019accident cardiaque.<\/li> <li><strong>D\u00e9pression :<\/strong> La perte inattendue de la fonction ovarienne peut provoquer, chez la femme, un \u00e9tat d\u00e9pressif. Il convient parfois dans ce cas de consulter un psychologue qui \u00e9valuera la teneur du probl\u00e8me.<\/li> <li><strong>Maladies auto-immunes :<\/strong> Il conviendra \u00e9galement de surveiller r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement chez ces femmes les autres glandes, thyro\u00efde et surr\u00e9nale, afin de d\u00e9tecter tout probl\u00e8me li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne.<\/li> <\/ul> <h2 class=\"font-bold font-sans text-black text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-tight\">Quelles sont les pr\u00e9cautions \u00e0 prendre ?<\/h2> <ul> <li>Mener une vie saine : en faisant un peu d\u2019exercice, en suivant un r\u00e9gime riche en calcium et en \u00e9vitant de fumer et de prendre du poids on r\u00e9duira les risques d\u2019ost\u00e9oporose et de maladies coronariennes.<\/li> <li>Un traitement hormonal substitutif (\u0153strog\u00e8nes et progest\u00e9rone) est n\u00e9cessaire et toujours recommandable. Il permet d\u2019\u00e9viter les sympt\u00f4mes et les cons\u00e9quences que nous avons \u00e9voqu\u00e9s ci-dessus. Il est recommand\u00e9 de commencer le traitement le plus t\u00f4t possible et de le poursuivre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge habituel de la m\u00e9nopause (vers 50 ans). La th\u00e9rapie hormonale peut \u00eatre prescrite sous forme de cachets, de patch ou encore de gel : les contraceptifs ne sont pas contrindiqu\u00e9s.<\/li> <li>Ce traitement sera en revanche contrindiqu\u00e9 en cas de maladie thromboembolique ou apr\u00e8s un diagnostic de cancer hormonod\u00e9pendant.<\/li> <li>Surveillance de la sant\u00e9 mentale et \u00e9motionnelle : un diagnostic d\u2019insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce provoque souvent chez la patiente des crises d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de d\u00e9pression plus ou moins fortes, en particulier lorsque le d\u00e9sir de maternit\u00e9 n\u2019a pu \u00eatre combl\u00e9. L\u2019aide d\u2019un sp\u00e9cialiste permettra de trouver l\u2019endroit ad\u00e9quat pour exprimer et g\u00e9rer les sentiments qui ne manqueront pas d\u2019\u00e9merger dans une telle situation.<\/li> <\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce ? L\u2019insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce (FOP \u2013 Premature Ovarian Failure) \u00e9galement d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e m\u00e9nopause pr\u00e9coce est d\u00e9finie&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce et infertilit\u00e9 | Ginefiv Espa\u00f1a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ginefiv.com\/fr\/blog\/insuffisance-ovarienne-precoce-infertilite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce et infertilit\u00e9 | Ginefiv Espa\u00f1a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne pr\u00e9coce ? 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